What Are The Causes of Electrical Fires?

Fire damage  is no laughing matter. According to FEMA’s topical fire report, 2,770 fire-related fatalities occurred annually from 2017 to 2019. Electrical malfunctions are among the most common causes of house fires. Yet, it’s not always cut and dry as to what starts electrical fires specifically, because several factors are involved.

What causes electrical fires? To understand that, you must first know:

• What is an electrical fire
• Common electrical fire causes
• How to prevent electrical fires



Keep reading to learn more about protecting your home and family from an electrical fire.

An electrical fire is, as it sounds, a malfunction or failure in an electrical component of a machine or device. Fires start when an inadequate distribution of electricity causes an overload. Electrical fires are among the most common, but they are far from the only reasons behind house fires & fire damage occurring.

Electricity is the heartbeat of a well-developed nation. It powers lights, air conditioning, heating, and more electronics than Michael Faraday ever imagined when he built one of the first ground-breaking power generators. Unfortunately, because of electricity, there is a risk of fires starting. This is especially true for items not adequately maintained. 

Faulty outlets are one of the more common causes of electrical fires. Generally, it's due to the age of the outlets. Older outlets may not be properly grounded nor up to current electrical codes. As the outlets age, so does the wiring behind them. Once the wiring weakens, the risk of breakage and starting a fire increases.



Sometimes the fault lies not with the outlet but with the user instead. For example, overloading an outlet with extension cords or plug adapters may cause a fire. Also, just because your adapter has six slots does not mean that the wall outlet can handle the load.

Extension cords can also contribute to an electrical fire. A fire started by an extension cord is usually due to user error. Most consumers don’t know how to use extension cords properly. For example, extension cords also have a load rating, which signifies how much they can safely accommodate. Additionally, they aren’t supposed to be used round the clock, but for short-term use instead.

Often when extension cords cause a fire, they are damaged. On top of that when they become old and frayed, this increases the risk of a fire. 

Like extension cords, light fixtures have load ratings to ensure that you use the proper wattage bulb. Sadly, some people don’t pay attention to this rating. Instead, they use a much higher wattage bulb which can cause a fire.



Another way that light fixtures can cause a fire is when you ignore what you put around the fixtures. For example, never place flammable objects on or near a lamp. As you use the light, the bulb heats up. If the item is too close, it can cause irreparable fire damage.

As your appliances age, the cords can become worn. They may even fray, which is even more dangerous. In addition, the exposed wires can heat and cause curtains or rugs to catch fire. Some people also plug their appliances into extension cords.

The wiring is not the only danger that appliances pose. Older machines may no longer work properly. If that's the case, they could overheat and again, result in a fire. 

Space heaters are handy devices used to help regulate the temperature in a home. They are beneficial during the winter months when cold can affect one area more than others. But sadly, these small appliances are often misused and lead to fire hazards.

While they can overheat and catch fire, the main hazard is when users place them too close to other items. For example, as the heater itself can become hot to the touch, placing one next to a couch or curtains can cause them to catch fire. Another way they start a fire is when you use them to dry damp clothing by setting the clothes directly on the heater. 

According to the National Fire Prevention Agency, 39% of fires between 2012-2016 caused by electrical failures occurred during the winter. With older homes, there's always a risk of starting an electrical fire whenever an appliance is used. In addition, homes older than 20 years with original wiring can’t handle today’s energy-centered world. The wiring wasn’t rated to handle that load because there weren’t as many electronics 20 years ago.

If your home’s wiring is original, then the breaker box probably is too. With an outdated box, you will see that the connectors are worn. Without a proper connection to the circuit breakers, it will eventually overload and cause a fire.

Electrical fires can be prevented. You have to pay close attention to what you are doing and how the different electronics in your home operate and are powered.

To help prevent electrical fires, use these techniques:

• Repair or replace outlets when they become loose. If you live in an older home, check to see if the outlets are grounded.

• If you must use an electrical cord for an extended period, choose one that is heavy-duty. Ensure that you don't run the cable under rugs as well. If necessary, have a professional install it.

• For light fixtures, use the appropriate wattage so they don't become overloaded. If a bulb seems to get hot when in use, replace it. Do not use if the cords are damaged or frayed. Replace fixtures if they won’t stay on after you’ve ruled out switch issues. Keep lamps away from textiles and don’t decorate with paper.

• When plugging in your appliances, avoid using extension cords. Also, don’t use if cords become hot or there are exposed wires. If you notice your machine is working harder than usual, repair or replace it.

• Do not place your space heater near flammable materials such as couches, bedding, or curtains. Also, make sure that it is turned off after every use and is not used to dry clothing. Plug it directly into the wall and avoid using extension cords.

In many cases, it's difficult to detect issues with a home's electrical system. However, if your home is 20 years old or older, have a qualified electrician inspect your wiring and breaker box. If anything is out of code or showing signs of wear, replace it. 

Electrical fires are relatively commonplace. However, except for lightning strikes, most can be prevented. Monitor your outlets, extension cords, and wiring for signs of wear. Misuse of light fixtures, space heaters, and appliances can increase the risk of fire damage.